Wrench.



No. 822,962. PATENTBD JUNE 12, 1906. G LIAGI WRENCH. AFPLIGATION FILEDFEB.3,1906.

Ilm u (III JNI/ENTO/.

A i/TO/e/VE 1/5 WHQL/55555 l {7H/5% @257 m UNTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

COSMO LIACI, OF NEV HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TORAFFAELE GAGHAIDI, ONE-FOURTH TO LIAGI COLAVECCHTO, AND ON E-FOURTH TOEGIDIO FERR-AINOLO, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

WRENCH.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented June 12, 1906.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CosMo LIACI, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State ofConnecticut, have invented a new and useful Wrench, of which thefollowing is a speciiication.

This invention relates to wrenches for turning nuts, pipes, and otherarticles, and has for its principal object to provide a wrench of simpleand economical construction in which the jaws are connected to theoperating-handle by a ratchet or similar mechanism, means being providedfor rendering the ratchet effective in either direction of movement andfor locking the jaws rigidly to the handle, so that the tool may be usedin the ordinary manner.

A further object of the, invention is to provide mechanism of simpleconstruction and which may be quickly adjusted for the purpose ofaltering the direction of rotative movement and for rigidly locking theparts.

A still further object of the invention is to simplify and improve theconstruction of wrench and to rovide a centering or holding device bywhic the jaw end ofthe tool may be held in position by one hand, Whilethe operating-handle is manipulated by the other hand.

With these and other objects in view, as will more fully hereinafterappear, the invention consists in certain novel features ofvconstruction and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described,illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly Y pointed out1n the appended claims, it being understood that various changes in theform, proportions, size, and minor details of the structure may be madewithout departing from the spirit or sacricing any of the advantagesofthe invention.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a sectional elevation of awrench constructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is aninverted plan view of the upper detachable plate, showing the stem insection. Fig. 3 is an inverted View of the handle portion of the wrenchwith the lower plate removed and showing the stem in section. Fig. 4 isa plan view of the main portion of the handle with the top plateremoved. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the wrench.

Similar numerals of reference are employed to indicate correspondingparts throughout the several ligures ofthe drawings.

The handle is preferably formed of three sections 10, 11, and 12, thesection 10 being extended rearward and provided with one or more grips13. The forward end of the main section 10 is recessed on both of itsfaces and is provided on one side with pins 14 and 15, which entersuitably-located openings in the third member or cover-plate 12. Allthree of the members are provided with alining o enings for thereception of two ratchet- W eels 18 and 19, the teeth of which face,respectively, in opposite directions, and said ratchet-Wheels havealined openings for the reception of a non-circular stem 20, the upperend ofwhich is rigidly secured to the jaw members of the wrench.

Within the lower' recessed portion of the member 10 is arranged a pawl21, one end of which is pressed into engagement with the teeth of theratchet-wheel 18 by means of a spring 22. This pawl is pivotally mountedon the pin 17, and its rear or tail end is engaged by the cam-shaped endof a rack-bar 23, that is guided within a suitable groove formed nearone edge of the handle member 10. The teeth of this rack-bar are engagedby the teeth of a pinion 25, mounted on a spindle that extendsl upwardthrough the upper plate 11 and carries a knob or disk 26, which may beturned for the purpose of moving the rack-bar to and fro, and-thusmoving the pawl 21 from engagement with the ratchet-wheel or permittingthe spring 22 to force said pawl lnto engagement with the ratchet-Wheel.Arranged within the upper recess of the central member 10 are a numberof ribs 28, 29, and 30, all of which are disposed in parallel relation,and between the side of the member 10 and the rib 28 is mounted arack-bar 31, having a cam-shaped end that is adapted to engage a pawl32, pivoted on the pin 14 and arranged to engage with the teeth 0f theratchet-wheel 19, said pawl being pressed in the direction of the teethby a suitable spring 33. The teeth of the rack-bar 31 are engaged by theteeth of a pinion 35, having a spindle 36, that projects upward throughan opening formed in the upper section 11 and which carries a head ordisk 37, that may be turned for the purpose of mov- IOO ing thepawl 32from engagement with the ratchet-wheel 19 or permitting the spring 33 toforce said pawl into engagement with said ratchet-wheel. These twomechanisms serve as a ready means for controlling the effective rotativemovement of the jaw members, so that the handle may be operated for thepurpose of turning the jaws in either direction.

Guided between the ribs 29 and 30, which are formed also in the uppersection 11 of the handle, is a rack-bar 39, the forward end of which isprovided with a rectangular recess 40, that is adapted to engage thenon-cylindrical stem 30 and lock the same from movement, so that whenmoved to stem-engaging position the jaws and the handle will be rigidlylocked to each other, so that the wrench may be used in the same manneras an ordinary monkey-wrench. The teeth of the rack-bar 39 are engagedby the teeth of a pinion 41, having a stem 42, that extends upwardlythrough an opening formed in the upper member 11 of the handle andcarries a small knob or disk 43, which may be turned in order to movethe stem-locking bar to or from operative position. The upper end of thestem is provided with an enlarged head 50, having laterally-extendedwings arranged diametrically opposite'each other, and these wings carryupwardly-projecting lugs 51, that are adapted to fit withincorresponding recesses formed in the lower face of the shank 53 of themain or relatively fixed jaw 54.

The shank 53 is provided with a longitudinal groove for the reception ofthe reduced lower end of the movable jaw 56, and this reduced lower endof the movable jaw has a threaded opening for the passage of anadjusting-screw 57, both ends of which are oosely mounted in the shankof the fixed hub, the inner end of the screw having a suitable knob 58,which may be turned for the purpose of adjusting the distance betweenthe jaws in accordance with the size of the object being operated upon.

The lower end of the square stem 50 is reduced and threaded for thereception of a handle 60, the upper portion of the handle being flaredout to form a disk 61, so that it may be conveniently grasped in thehand for the support of the jaw end of the wrench while the handleproper is manipulated by the other hand.

I claim-4 1. In a wrench, a recessed handle, a pair of ratchet-'wheelsprovided with non-circular openings, the teeth of said ratchet-wheelsfacing, respectively, in opposite directions, a stem extending throughthe openings, clamp ing-jaws supported by the stem, pawls engaging theratchet-wheels, springs tending to force said pawls to operativeposition, rackbars arranged within the recesses of the handle and havingcamshaped ends for engagement with the tails of the pawls, pinionsengaging said rack-bars, and nuts or disks arrange outside the handlefor turning said pinions.

2. In a wrench, the combination with a recessed handle member, of a pairof ratchetwheels having non-circular openings, the teeth of said ratchet-wheels facing, respectively, in opposite directions,a stem extend ingthrough said openings, jaws supported by the stem, pawls arranged toengage said ratchet-wheels, means for controlling the movement of thepawls to operative and inoperative positions, and an adjustable meanswithin the handle for engaging the stem and locking the same rigidly tosaid handle.

, 3. In a wrench, the combination with a recessed handle, ofratchet-wheels supported therein and provided with non-circularopenings, the teeth of said ratchetwheels facing, respectively, inopposite directions, a stem extending through the openings, jawssupported by the stem, pawls for engaging the ratchete'wheels, means foradjusting the pawls to operative and inoperative positions, a rack-barprovided within the recessed handle, and having at one end anonecircular recess to engage and interlock with the stem, a pinionengaging said rack-bar, and means for operating said pinion.

4. In a wrench, the'combination with a sectional handle having recesses,and provided with a plurality of parallel ribs within the recesses,there being an opening extending through all of the sections of thehandle, a pair of ratchet-wheels arranged within said opening and havingtheir teeth facing, respectively, in opposite directions, saidratchetwheels being provided with non-circular openings, a stemextending through the openings of the ratchet-wheels, clamping-jawscarried by said stem, pawls for engagement with the ratchet-wheels, alocking-bar for engagement with the stem, a rack carried by thelockingbar, rack-bars having cam-shaped ends for engagement with thetails of the pawls, all of said racks being guided by the ribs withinthe recessed portions of the handle, pinions for engagement with saidracks and provided with spindles that extend to the outside of thehandle, and operating knobs or disks secured to said spindles.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my ownI have hereto aflixedmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CCSMO LIACI.

Witnesses:

MICHELE Riem, ANTHONY SPINELLO.

IOO

IIO

